The arid area of Rio Tinto, a former mining area in the Huelva district of Andalusia, was the site chosen to test a new space suit and a prototype unmanned rover named Eurobot.
The unusual chemical and geological make-up of the landscape makes it the closest to conditions on the Red Planet in Europe, scientists said.
"This is a dress rehearsal for the biggest journey our civilisation has ever taken," said Gernot Groemer of the Austrian Space Forum who led the expedition team to Spain last week.
"We have a mineral here called jarosite - and that is exactly what we have on Mars."
The team tested new technology that has been three years in development - a spacesuit simulator called Aouda X, which has been partially funded by the Europlanet network.
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